• Aug 6, 2025 brockwell davis time series theory and methods Mathematical form: \( X_t = \varepsilon_t + \theta_1 \varepsilon_{t-1} + \dots + \theta_q \varepsilon_{t-q} \). Usefulness: capturing short-term shocks or noise. Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) Models ARMA models combine AR and MA components: Suitable for s By Roma Borer
